P.I.E.S

This is where a life is forming growing bigger and bigger every day. At 4 weeks, the baby's spinal cord, the formation of arms and legs are beginning to develop. At this stage, the little life form is now an embryo. By 8 weeks, all major organs and external limbs would be developing, continuing to grow in size, also the eyes. The baby's heart begins to beat with a regular rhythm and the determined sex organs begin to develop. This Is when the fetus begins to look more like a human but only reaching roughly an Inch long In size. Also, the umbilical cord has become more visible.By 12 weeks, the baby's nerves and muscles begin to work with catheter which can be shown but the baby making a fist. Also at 12 weeks, you are able to fled out whether your baby Is a girl or a boy as the external sex organs become visible. The baby's eyes will have eyelids that have recently developed which will then cover the eyes to protect them from other fluids until later on in the pregnancy when they will be able to control the movement of their eyes. By muscles, tissue and skin starts to form, giving an even more defined human shape.Although the skin is now being developed, at this stage, the skin is quite transparent. Intellectual and Emotional – The intellectual part of pregnancy is very important to the Mother's mental preparation for birth. This would be anything from buying your baby's first clothes and necessities to decorating the nursery. Things like this keep the mother's mind from worrying about things such as whether her baby will have any Issues, or If she would have any Issues Glenn birth. The mother will also need a lot of love and support during pregnancy because her hormonal changes will make her very emotional.Pregnancy can mentally affect the mother especially if she is one to worry, mainly because of the changes that are going on with her body. For the baby, the intellectual stage is when the brain is fully developed and it is said that by his stage, the b aby is actually able to dream. Birth and Infancy: P. I. E. S Physical – Between birth and the age of 3, babies begin to develop different strengths and skills. This is from learning basic strengths like rolling, then crawling then standing to walking then running, to learning to talk and sing.Muscle development in a baby starts from the head down. This is why they go from lifting their head the running. The first control a baby will learn will be control of their neck. Intellectual – Straight from birth, babies are already beginning to communicate and Interact with other people especially adults. This can be from crying to clenching their fists around a finger. Also, as the baby Is Intellectually developing, they are being able to express their needs and emotions using gestures.As the baby develops into infancy, they are how to use their emotions properly like crying if they are hurt or not getting what they want, and laughing and smiling when they are happy or find so mething funny. Emotional – At birth, the only emotion that a baby has is the ability to cry. They don't understand emotions yet until they further develop. When a baby is born, they need a lot of love and care. This is extremely important, because it ensures that the baby feels safe and secure. This is vital for the baby to grow up feeling comfortable and safe in their home and in their family.By about the age of 1-3 they learn how to smile and laugh which lets them express their emotions when they are happy. They learn different emotions and express them in ways that they understand such as pulling tantrums or laughing at something funny. By the age of 3, an infant should pretty much know all emotions and when they know which emotions are relevant to different situations. Social – From 0-3, the only social development will be speech and sutures with close individuals especially the parents and other family members.This actually builds their self esteem and confidence which is very important because it creates good social skills for their future social interaction with others. Getting to the age of 2-3, the infant becomes more aware of other people like strangers on a bus; they will wave or say hello to other individuals, sometimes even animals. This improves their social skills because by the age of 3, the infant may even have friends. Usually this will be from cousins; to maybe other infants they regularly see such as neighbors or other infants at playgroups. Childhood: P. I. E.S Physical – At this stage, children will enjoy the fact that they can walk and run, and they will learn how to dance, climb, ride bikes (with stabilizers to Just two wheels), how to swing, and possibly swim. This is very exciting for them because they are able to discover different activities and are able to have fun and express individual activities that they may enjoy as a regular hobby; such as football, swimming, riding, racing etc†¦ At this stage, it is important that children are supervised with everything they do because it teaches them how to be safe with what they do for themselves ND others around them.From birth to the age of 3, a child grows quite fast, at the childhood stage, the child's growth slows down but they can have growth spurts height wise. Intellectual – This stage is the most important stage for the development of the brain and mind. Especially educationally. At this stage, children will become a lot more interested in pretty much everything. They will be prone to asking loads of questions about anything from what they have seen or how they feel. They are most likely to be a lot more interested in their environment, their society and different cultures.They express this by the interest in costumes and they like to do performances. Also at this stage, they will be going through primary solicitation and secondary solicitation so they will be learning many different things every day. They will also pay more attention to where they live. Emotional – In the childhood stage, children are learning to deal with other individuals feelings as well as theirs. They also learn new skills and how to behave well such as learning manners. They learn how to deal with their own emotions especially when they are interacting with others especially other children.Children will start forming bonds with other children who can even become life long friends; they learn how to respect others, and they also learn how to connect with other children similar to them. Social – During childhood, developing long term social relationships whereas others are better at keeping close friends only for a short time. The most important part of solicitation in this stage is that children learn the importance of good relationships and friends. Adolescence: Physical – This is one of the most changing life stages. At this stage, teenagers will become Men and Woman.Their body will be going through many cha nges; this is called puberty. Boys; for boys, puberty consists of the breaking of their voice (their voice becomes deeper) due to the ‘dropping of their testicles. They begin to grow a lot faster in height, and baby fat begins to disappear or turn into muscle. They begin to grow facial hair and hair in intimate areas and the armpits. This is all due to the production of testosterone. Girls; for girls, puberty consists of the formation of the breasts, menstrual periods; preparing them for motherhood, they begin to grow bodily hair and hair on intimate areas.This is all due to the production of estrogen. Intellectual – At this stage, teenagers are able to imagine different experiences that they may not have seen or done before. Also, they begin to imagine their future and would have a better idea of what they want to achieve in their future. They become more alike adults in terms of dealing with problems. Also in this stage, teenagers will be looking at their first Job ev en if it is Just a small part time Job, it prepares them for future bigger work opportunities and also gives them experience and responsibility.Emotional – At this stage teenagers are experiencing hormonal changes; meaning hat their emotions can be off balance causing mood swings and aggression in some cases. This could be difficult for family and friends, and can have an affect on the opposite sex such as pressure on relationships and friendships. At this stage feeling masculine is very important towards a guys self esteem and confidence. You wont often see them cry, and they may tend to show off inferno of their fellow friends. This makes them feel more superior and dominant. For a woman, they like to feel wanted and sexy.They will wear clothing that shows more skin and will show off their curves. Like men, this is important to the development of self esteem and self- confidence. Teenagers will have created long term relationships as friends and some maybe a long term girlf riend or boyfriend; their emotions will be much stronger and will become more attached to others around the same age. They become a lot more emotionally attached to people and stronger bonds are formed. During adolescence, teenagers will be most likely to experience love for the first time; some more than once, some actually find their soul mate.Social – Teenagers become a lot more independent so they begin to not rely on their family as much and tend to rely a lot ore on their friends or their peer group for support and advice. This can put pressure on their family and friends. Teenagers desire the need to belong to a group. They will express this through what they wear and their interests/hobbies. A main part of this stage is experiencing their sexuality. This is when they start experiencing sexual contact, and different relationships.At this stage, some teenagers can become confused with their sexuality and may want to experience relationships and sexual experiences with t he same sex. Adulthood: P. I. E. S During this stage, adults may progress to the need of glasses for reading and/or rating, due to changes in sight. They may also experience difficulties in their hearing leading to the need of hearing aids. Another change would be change in hair color (grey) and sometimes even loss of hair; mostly occurring in men. This is the stage where growth stops and your body processes begin to slow down and become more relaxed.By the age of 45-55, women are most likely to experience menopause which is when their periods stop and they lose the ability to have children. Intellectual – At this stage, adults are more likely to be in a stable Job. The older adults will have earned a lot from previous experiences which will give them skills and benefit them in future opportunities. The older adults are also a lot more wiser, and will know what is best to do in situations and will know what is best for younger individuals. Emotional – During this life stage, adults go through many emotions mainly to do with relationships and their career.They will feel a lot more stress due to work and also to do with pressure of having a partner or not having one. Also, this is the life stage when families are beginning to be created; couples are deciding to have children, some even have their first grandchildren. Also during this life strange, relationships with family members improve and adults feel closer to their parents than ever before; either because they realize that family are the ones who are actually always there for them and/or because they have a family of their own and understands how it must have felt.Social – The younger adults gain more sexual experience, some of them; it will be their partner who they feel they will have a future with. As years have past, it has become more regular that adults are having children younger and younger. With the older adults, partnership and marriage comes more into light which becomes very important to adults self. It becomes a key aspect of their social life; it is important to have a stable social life at this age because it builds your self esteem and confidence which are key skills for employment.Employment; it is key to be in paid employment at this stage, because at this stage, adults have a lot more responsibility for themselves and need to be reliant on themselves rather than their parents. This is key for building their own future and is important for their social life. Older 65+: P. I. E. S Physical – At this stage, older adults become a lot more weaker and less able or national. Everything they do (what they can do) takes a lot longer to do than what it would an adult. This can be from difficulty breathing, their bodies become weaker such as their bones, muscles, organs etc†¦ Hey become a lot less mobile. At this stage, older adults are more prone to illnesses and can develop conditions such as arthritis. Also, visually, you change, you produce rankles, skin spots and other visual signs of aging. Intellectual – At this stage, mental ability decreases; older adults forget things, are not able to solve problems or cope with them as well and will have many difficulties. On the other hand, older adults who are more healthy and enjoy their exercise are more able to keep their mental abilities and their knowledge can carry on developing.At this stage, they will be at most wise and this can still increase. At this age, older adults will have had their whole life as experience and will have many memories which adds to their knowledge about anything. An example would be someone who may have experienced an historic event such as a war. Future older adult will be useful. Emotional – The main thing emotionally at this stage is mentally staying strong through the sense of old age and any problems that may or eave occurred. At this age, older adults are likely to lose their confidence and self esteem because of the way th ey are treated.Individuals of this age who have a family especially if it is a large family, they are more likely to keep their self esteem and confidence because they will receive comfort, support, stability and encouragement; strong bonds with grandchildren are common and give the older adults a sense of being young again, also older adults like to see themselves as role models for their grandchildren. Social – Older adults lives vary. At this stage, older adults are more likely to to be retired.This is a good way to socialize and make friends especially if they are in retirement homes or go to activities or centers based for their age. Having a family is important because a family provides emotional and practical support through anything that happens such as health problems or if they Just need support for something such as work or decisions. Health problems can have a strong effect on an older adults social life and they could end up feeling isolated from society; which i s why family and friends are important at this stage. An older adults norms and beliefs will also become more important to them.

Marketing Success Factors of Coca-Cola Company Essay

1.0 Executive Summary This report was commissioned to analyze the ten marketing success factors of Coca-Cola Company and suggest Coca-Cola Company on how to solve the problems that had been faces. The research shows on how Coca-Cola Company achieves their success in nowadays by marketing success factors. The ten marketing success factors of Coca-Cola Company are market research, market analysis, selecting target market, SWOT analysis, marketing mix, positioning, factors that influencing customer choice, innovation, brand development strategy and implementing, monitoring, controlling. Further investigation reveal that the market problems of Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola Company has facing market problems such as health effect, competitors and environmental impact. Based on the study, we recommended Coca-Cola Company solve their health problem by launch sugar free, sugar less, low-calorie and no-calorie product. We recommended Coca-Cola Company solve their competitors problem by understand the culture of a country and launch a product that has not launched by others competitors before. Finally, we recommended Coca-Cola Company solve their environmental impact by using recycle plastic in their bottle. 2.0 Business Overview 2.1 History of Coca-Cola Company Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines in more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia. Coca-Cola Enterprises, established in 1986, is a young company by the standards of the Coca-Cola system. Yet each of its franchises has a strong heritage in the traditions of Coca-Cola that is the foundation for this company. The Coca-Cola company traces it’s beginning to 1886, when an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John Pemberton, began to produce Coca-Cola syrup for sale in fountain drinks. However the bottling business began in 1899 when two Chattanooga businessmen, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. White head, secured the exclusive rights to bottle and sell Coca-Cola for most of the United States from The Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola bottling system continued to operate as independent, local businesses until the early 1980s when bottling franchises began to consolidate. In 1986, The Coca-Cola Company merged some of its company-owned operations with two large ownership groups that were for sale, the John T.Lupton franchises and BCI Holding Corporation’s bottling holdings, to form Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. The Company offered its stock to the public on November 21, 1986, at a split-adjusted price of $5.50 a share. On an annual basis, total unit case sales were 880,000 in 1986. In December 1991, a merger between Coca-Cola Enterprises and the Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Group, Inc. (Johnston) created a larger, stronger Company, again helping accelerate bottler consolidation. As part of the merger, the senior management team of Johnston assumed responsibility for managing the Company, and began a dramatic, successful restructuring in 1992.Unit case sales had climbed to 1.4 billion, and total revenues were $5 billion. 2.2 Mission of the Coca-Cola Company A mission statement is a statement of the purpose of a company or organization. The mission statement should guide the actions of the organization, spell out its overall goal, provide a path, and guide decision-making. Coca-Cola Company Roadmap starts with their mission, which is enduring. It declares their purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which they weigh their actions and decisions. The mission of Coca-Cola Company is to refresh the world, to inspire moments of optimism and happiness, and to create value and make a difference. In order to achieve these missions, Coca-Cola Company must create value for all the constraints they serve, including their consumers, their customers, their bottlers, and their communities. The Coca-Cola Company creates value by executing comprehensive business strategy guided by six key beliefs which are consumer demand drives everything they do, brand Coca-Cola is the core of their business. Besides, they will serve consumers a broad selection of the nonalcoholic ready-to–drink beverages they want to drink throughout the day. They will be the best marketers in the world. They will think and act locally and lastly they will lead as a model corporate citizen. 2.3 Target Market of Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company’s beverages are generally for all consumers. However, there are some brands, which target specific consumers. For example, Coca-Cola’s diet soft drinks are targeted at consumers who are older in age, between the years of 25 and 39. PowerAde sports water target those who are fit, healthy and do sport. Winnie the Pooh sipper cap Juice Drink target children between the ages 5-12. This type of market approach refers to market segmentation. The Coca- Cola Company when advertising has a primary target market of those who are 13-24, and a secondary market of 10-39. 3.0 Marketing Success Factors of Coca-Cola Company 3.1 Market Research When attempting to implement a new Marketing plan a business must address its target market and conduct the relevant information to insure the new marketing plan both differs from the old and is better for the business. When conducting market research a business must first define the problem and then gather the appropriate information to solve the problem. There are 3 types of information a business can gather to solve its problems. First type is Exploratory Research which clarifies the problem and searches for ways to address it. Second type is Descriptive Research that used to measure and describe things like the market potential for a product and characteristics of the target market. Lastly is Casual Research which used to test a hypothesis about a cause and effect relationship. Coca-Cola Company through its market research has addressed all three types of research to define the problem raised by shareholders and gathered information to serve their needs. 3.2 Market Analysis The market analysis investigates both the internal and external business environment. It is vital that Coca-Cola carefully monitor both the internal and external aspects regarding its business as both the internal and external environment and their respective influences will be decisive traits in relation to Coca-Cola’s success and survival in the soft drink industry. The Internal Business Environment and its influence is that which is to some extent within the business’s control. The main attributes in the internal environment include efficiency in the production process, through management skills and effective communication channels. To effectively control and monitor the internal business environment, Coca-Cola must conduct continual appraisals of the business’s operations and readily act upon any factors, which cause inefficiencies in any phase of the production and consumer process. The External Business Environment and its influences are usually powerful forces that can affect a whole industry and, in fact, a whole economy. Changes in the external environment will create opportunities or threats in the market place Coca-Cola must be aware off. Fluctuations in the economy, changing customer attitudes and values, and demographic patterns heavily influence the success of Coca-Cola’s products on the market and the reception they receive from the consumers. 3.3 Selecting Target Market Once the situation analysis is complete, and the marketing objectives determined, attention turns to the target market. The soft drink market is very large, and the business cannot be â€Å"all things to all people†, so it must choose which market segments have the greatest potential. The target market is the group of customers on whom the business focuses attention. The target market is where Coca-Cola focuses its marketing efforts as it feels this is where it will be most productive and successful. The target market for Coca-Cola is very wide as it satisfies the needs for many different consumers, ranging from the healthy diet consciousness through Diet Coca-Cola to the average human through its best selling drink regular Coca-Cola. Most Coca-Cola products satisfy all age groups as it is proven that most people of different age groups consume the Coca-Cola product. This market is relatively large and is open to both genders, thereby allowing greater product diversification. There are four broad ways which Coca-Cola can segment its market is Mass marketing, Concentrated marketing, Differentiated marketing, Niche marketing The most apparent method used by Coca-Cola is with no doubt the differentiated marketing method as Coke satisfy’s a range of different markets. Diet coke satisfy’s the weight consciousness, regular Coke, Sprite, Fanta the average human, coffee, iced tea etc. Each group of beverages satisfies a particular group of people but majority the average human. 3.4 SWOT Analysis SWOT stands for Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats. SWOT analysis is a technique much used in much general management as well as marketing scenarios. SWOT consists of examining the current activities of the organization- its Strengths and Weakness- and then using this and external research data to set out the Opportunities and Threats that exist. The Strength of Coca-Cola has been a complex part of world culture for a very long time. The product’s image is loaded with over-romanticizing, and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart. The Coca-Cola image is displayed on T-shirts, hats, and collectible memorabilia. This extremely recognizable branding is one of Coca-Cola’s greatest strengths. Additionally, Coca-Cola’s bottling system is one of their greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct business on a global scale while at the same time maintain a local approach. The bottling companies are locally owned and operated by independent business people who are authorized to sell products of the Coca-Cola Company. Because Coca-Cola does not have outright ownership of its bottling network, its main source of revenue is the sale of concentrate to its bottlers. Weaknesses for any business need to be both minimized and monitored in order to effectively achieve productivity and efficiency in their business’s activities, Coca-Cola is no exception. Although domestic business as well as many international markets is thriving, Coca-Cola has recently reported some â€Å"declines in unit case volumes in Indonesia and Thailand due to reduced consumer purchasing power.† Coca-Cola on the other side has effects on the teeth which is an issue for health care. It also has got sugar by which continuous drinking of Coca-Cola may cause health problems. Being addicted to Coca-Cola also is a health problem, because drinking of Coca-Cola daily has an effect on your body after few years. The Opportunities for Coca-Cola is brand. Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting Coke’s competitive position. Coca-Cola’s brand name is known well throughout 94% of the world today. The primary concern over the past few years has been to get this name brand to be even better known. Packaging changes have also affected sales and industry positioning, but in general, the public has tended not to be affected by new products. Coca-Cola’s bottling system also allows the company to take advantage of infinite growth opportunities around the world. This strategy gives Coke the opportunity to service a large geographic, diverse area. Currently, the Threat of new viable competitors in the carbonated soft drink industry is not very substantial. The threat of substitutes, however, is a very real threat. The soft drink industry is very strong, but consumers are not necessarily married to it. Possible substitutes that continuously put pressure on both Pepsi and Coke include tea, coffee, juices, milk, and hot chocolate. Even though Coca-Cola and Pepsi control nearly 40% of the entire beverage market, the changing health-consciousness of the market could have a serious affect. Of course, both Coca-Cola and Pepsi have already diversified into these markets, allowing them to have further significant market shares and offset any losses incurred due to fluctuations in the market. Consumer buying power also represents a key threat in the industry. The rivalry between Pepsi and Coca-Cola has produce a very slow moving industry in which management must continuously respond to the changing attitudes and demands of their consumers or face losing market share to the competition. Furthermore, consumers can easily switch to other beverages with little cost or consequence. 3.5 Marketing Mix The marketing mix is probably the most crucial stage of the marketing planning process. This is where the marketing tactics for each product are determined. The marketing mix refers to the combination of the four factors which are price, promotion, product, and place that make up the core of a business’s marketing strategy. In this step of the marketing planning process, marketing mix must be designed to satisfy the wants of target markets and achieve the marketing objectives. The most successful businesses have continually monitored and changed their marketing mix due to respective internal and external factors and have monitored the external business environment in order to maximize their marketing mix components. First factor of marketing mix is product. Many Products are physical objects that you can own and take home. But the word product means much more than just physical goods. In marketing, product also refers to services, such as holidays or a movie, where you enjoy the benefits without owning the result of the service. Businesses must think about products on three different levels, which are the core product, the actual product and the augmented product. The core product is what the consumer is actually buying and the benefits it gives. Coca-Cola customers are buying a wide range of soft drinks. The actual product is the parts and features, which deliver the core product. Consumers will buy the Coca-Cola product because of the high standards and high quality of the products. The augmented product is the extra consumer benefits and services provided to customers. Since soft drinks are a consumable good, the augmented level is very limited. But Coca Cola do offer a help line and complaint phone service for customers who are not satisfied with the product or wish to give feedback on the products. Second factor or marketing mix is price. Price is a very important part of the marketing mix as it can affect both the supply and demand for Coca-Cola. The price of Coca-Cola products is one of the most important factors in a customer decision to buy. Price will often be the difference that will push a customer to buy our product over another, as long as most things are fairly similar. For this reason pricing policies need to be designed with consumers and external influences in mind, in order to effectively achieve a stable balance between sales and covering the production costs. Price strategies are important to Coca-Cola because the price determines the amount of sales and profit per unit sold. Businesses have to set a price that is attractive to their customers and provides the business with a good level of profit. Long before a sale was ever made Coca-Cola had developed a forecast of consumer demand at different prices which inevitably determined whether or not the product came on the market, as well as the allocation of adequate money and resources to produce promote and distribute the product. Promotion is the third factor of marketing mix. The promotional mix is the combination of personal selling, advertising, sales promotion and public relations that it uses in its marketing plan. Above the line promotions refers to mainstream media: Advertising through common media such as television, radio, transport, and billboards and in newspapers and magazines. Because most of the target is most likely to be exposed to media such as television, radio and magazines, Coca-Cola has used this as the main form of promotion for extensive range of products. Although advertising is usually very expensive, it is the most effective way of reminding and exposing potential customers to Coca-Cola Products. Coca-Cola also utilizes below the line promotions such as contests, coupons, and free samples. These activities are an effective way of getting people to give your product. The last factor of marketing mix is place. The place refers to distribution of the ways of getting the product to the market. The distribution of products starts with the producer and ends with the consumer. The Coca-Cola Company sells its products to bottling and canning operations, distributors, fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers. These then distributes them to retail outlets, milk bar and corner stores, restaurants, petrol stations and newsagents. There are two Place strategies which are indirect distribution and intensive distribution. The Coca-Cola Company uses intermediaries in indirect distribution. That is the company does not sell its products directly to its consumers. The Coca-Cola Company uses the intensive distribution strategy. The business’s products are sold in almost every outlet including retail outlets, small shops, restaurants, petrol stations, newsagents, schools, sports and entertainment venues from vending machines. 3.6 Positioning Positioning mean the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Positioning divided into two which are re-positioning and de-positioning. Re-positioning involves changing the identity of a product, relative to the identity of competing products, in the collective minds of the target market. De-positioning involves attempting to change the identity of competing products, relative to the identity of your own product, in the collective minds of the target market. Once a business has decided which segments of the market it will compete in, developed a clear picture of its target market and defined its product, the positioning strategy can be developed. Positioning is the process of creating, the image the product holds in the mind of consumers, relative to competing products. Coca-Cola and Franklins both make soft drinks; although Franklins may try to compete they will still be seen as down market from Coca-Cola. Positioning helps customers understand what is unique about the products when compared with the competition. Coca-Cola plan to further create positions that will give their products the greatest advantage in their target markets. Coca-Cola has been positioned based on the process of positioning by direct comparison and have positioned their products to benefit their target market. Most people create an image of a product by comparing it to another product, thus evident through the famous battles between Coca-Cola and Pepsi products. 3.7 Factors that Influencing Consumer Choice When making decisions on products a business must look at factors that influence consumer choice such as psychological factors, Socio cultural factors, Economic factors and Government Factors. Psychological factors such as motivation, perception, lifestyle, personality and self concept, learning, and attitudes influence the consumer’s behavior towards a product and Coca-Cola has addressed this issue by introducing Diet Coke to satisfy different lifestyles. Socio cultural factors such as culture, subculture, socio-economic status, family and reference groups influence the consumer’s behavior towards a product. The family is probably the biggest influence on buying behavior. Marketers also need to focus product design and promotion of both males and females. When planning a marketing strategy, the marketing manager should know which member is the main decision-maker for the product so that promotion can direct at that person. Economic factors such as Disposable income and discretionary income. A person’s economic situation will influence the sorts of products they will buy. Economic situation is determined by a number of factors such as level of income, savings and ability to borrow. The more a person earns the greater their ability to buy goods and services. Coca-Cola has addressed this side of the influence by maintaining a low price on the price of its products. Government Factors such as new regulations, inflation, interest rates all influence consumer spending and choice. Decisions made by the government at all levels will have an effect on the buyer’s behavior. Government policies also influence the level of economic activity which affects consumer’s confidence and ability to borrow. 3.8 Innovation Innovation generally refers to the creation of better or more effective products, processes, technologies, or ideas that are accepted by markets, governments, and society. Innovation differs from invention or renovation in that innovation generally signifies a substantial positive change compared to incremental changes. Coca-Cola has been able to survive and grow in an ever-changing market because of its ability to systematically innovate and deliver new products. In the late 90s the company, typically showing earnings growth of 15-20% per year, turned in three straight years of falling profits. It was apparent that the market was changing and in order to keep up with these changes, Coca-Cola had to move from a single core product to a total beverage company. 3.9 Brand Development Strategy Brand development strategy of Coca-Cola has been far reaching and has managed to remain in the limelight ever since it became a favorite with the non alcoholic drinkers. It has been noticed that brand loyalty is an important factor in maintaining the number one position. It is often hard to say exactly why we buy one company product over another. Companies such as Nike and Adidas spend large amounts of money trying to win consumers away from their competitors who make products that are very similar. The popularity of the brand is often the deciding factor. Over the time Coca-Cola has spent millions of dollars developing and promoting their brand name, resulting in worldwide recognition. ‘Coca-Cola’ is the most recognized trademark, recognized by 94% of the world’s population and is the most widely recognized word after â€Å"OK†. Coca-Cola red and white colors and special writing are all examples of world-wide trademarks. There are a number of branding strategies: Generic brand strategy, Individual brand strategy, Family brand strategy, Manufacturer brand strategy, Private brand strategy and Hybrid brand strategy. Coca-Cola utilizes the Individual brand strategy as Coca-Cola major products are given their own brand names e.g Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola etc although they may be presented as different lines they operate under the name of Coca-Cola. 3.10 Implementing, Monitoring and Controlling Implementation is the process of turning plans into actions, and involves all the activities that put the marketing plan to work. Successful implementation depends on how well the business blends its people, organizational structure and company culture into a cohesive program that supports the marketing plan. For its further success, Coca-Cola must impose several key changes. Production needs to be on time and meet the quota demanded from wholesalers. It must also be efficient so as not to build inventory stocks and inventory prices. The marketing needs to be motivated and knowledgeable about the product. The forms of promotion such as advertising must be attracting and enticing to the target market to get the greatest amount of exposure possible for the product. This will ensure the success of the product in the stores. Distribution of the product must be efficient. This problem has already been taken care of with convenient transport routes to commercial areas and transport already being arranged. Monitoring and controlling allows the business to check for variance in the budget and actual. This is important because it allows Coca-Cola to take the necessary actions to meet the marketing objectives. There are three tools Coca-Cola should use to monitor the marketing plan which are Sales Analysis, Market Share Analysis, Marketing Profitability Analysis. The sales analysis breaks down total business sales by market segments to identify strengths and weaknesses in the different areas of sales. Sellers of Coca-Cola products vary from major retail supermarkets to small corner stores. This gives the products maximum exposure to customers at their convenience. Market share analysis compares Coca-Cola business sales performance with that of its competitors. Coca-Cola looks to increase its market share by over 60%. With the changes Coca-Cola is currently undergoing, they aim to regain an iron fist control of the market. Target market various age groups and lifestyles from high school students too universities, and male or female. This analysis looks at the cost side of marketing and the profitability of products, sales territories, market segments and sales people. There are three ratios to monitor marketing profitability; they are market research to sales, advertising to sales and sales representatives to sales. The results of these three tools can help Coca-Cola determine any emerging trends, such as the need for a different product. Comparing these results with actual results gives the business an idea on when to change. 4.0 Market Problems 4.1 Health Problem Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink. Since studies indicate â€Å"soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in the American diet†, most nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with rather than complements a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium, magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin A. A common criticism of Coca-Cola based on its allegedly toxic acidity levels has been found to be baseless by researchers; lawsuits based on these notions have been dismissed by several American courts for this reason. Although numerous court cases have been filed against The Coca-Cola Company since the 1920s, alleging that the acidity of the drink is dangerous, no evidence corroborating this claim has been found. Frequent exposure of teeth to acidic drinks increases the risk of tooth damage through dental erosion. This form of tooth decay is unrelated to dental caries. Consume too much of carbonated soft drink will threatening kidney, increase diabetes risk, Increase obesity risk and others diseases that will affect our healthy. The people with diabetes to consume sugar is strictly prohibited because the hormone insulin in the body is not enough, not even able to convert these sugars into the muscle sugar (glycogen). As a result, blood sugar (glucose) will be increased and dangerous. Carbonated drinks rich in calories. Calories that enter the body can increase the risk of obesity. 4.2 Competitors Coca-Cola Company has many competitors in the soft drink industry, such as Pepsi, Sarsi and so on. The main competitor of Coca-Cola Company is Pepsi. Pepsi is clearly a market challenger to market leader Coca-Cola Company. Pepsi’s trendy advertising featuring American pop stars, from Michael Jackson to Britney Spears is clearly geared towards American young consumers. On other hand, Coca-Cola Company‘s approach to the market has traditionally been more wholesome relying â€Å"more heavily on images of happiness and togetherness, tradition, and nationalism.† However Pepsi has made its share of blunders as well. Pepsi Blue, a blue, berry-flavored version, has gone the way of Pepsi soft drink disasters, Crystal Pepsi and Pepsi Clear had been discontinued. Around the world, there are many local brands compete with Coke. In South and Central America Kola Real, known as Big Cola in Mexico, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. On the French island of Corsica, Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local Pietra beer, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. In the French region of Brittany, Breizh Cola is available In India, Coca-Cola ranked third behind the leader, Pepsi-Cola, and local drink Thums Up. 4.3 Environmental Impacts In December 1990, Coca-Cola Company announced that they would begin using recycled plastics (PET) in their bottles, but they have not followed through. The technology to make 100% recycled-content plastic bottles has been available in the United States since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration gave its approval in 1994 for food contact applications. Coca-Cola Company is abandoning the decades old practice of packaging its soft drinks in recycled content containers like aluminum cans and glass bottles in favor of non-recycled plastic. Coca-Cola Company no use the PET in their bottles cause the plastic waste is increasing ten times faster than recycling of plastic soda bottles. The packaging chooses by Coca-Cola Company seriously effect health and environmental impacts. Coca-Cola’s plastic soda bottle in particular, stem from extraction of non-renewable resources, energy consumption in manufacturing and in the refining of raw materials and industrial processes used to produce plastics have seriously effect health and environmental impacts. 5.0 Recommendation 5.1 Health Problem Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink. As we know that consume too much of the carbonated soft drink will threatening our kidney, increase diabetes risk, increase obesity risk and others diseases. Coca-Cola Company should put more effort on innovation of new product that good for health. Coca-Cola Company can produce sugar free or less sugar Cola-Cola product. Coca-Cola Company has success produce sugar free Coca-Cola product such as Coca-Cola Light. Besides, Coca-Cola also creates Coca-Cola Zero which is low-calorie compare with other Coca-Cola product. Besides, Coca-Cola Company can keep launch low-calorie and no-calorie product. The ingredients use must be in high-quality and can be part of a healthy, balanced diet. Coca-Cola Company can also help consumers manage calorie by introduce smaller packaging sizes in markets to make sure that consumer will no consume too much at one time. In addition, Coca-Cola Company can try to produce isotonic sport drinks that have not produce before. Isotonic sport drinks can reduce the risk of water intoxication by replenishing fluids and electrolytes in a ratio similar to that normally found in the human body. It is good for health. 5.2 Competitors The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s leading soft drink manufacturer. Coca-Cola Company has many competitors in the soft drink industry. The main competitor of Coca-Cola Company is Pepsi. Coca-Cola have difference competitor at difference country. Coca-Cola Company must understand the culture of a country before they launch their product. Coca-Cola Company need to know their product name sounds good or not according to the language and the meaning of their name at the country. If Coca-Cola Company do not know the culture of a country, Coca-Cola Company is hard to defeat the competitor at that country. Besides, Coca-Cola Company can launch a product that has not launched by others competitors before. Coca-Cola Company can try to produce new taste of Coca-Cola soft drink. The creativity of a company is very importance in innovative a new product to defeat their competitors. Coca-Cola can try mix the fruit taste they have not mix before to produce a new product that their competitors have not produce. In addition, Coca-Cola Company can also have a promotion to promote their product. Promotion can be discount promotion, free gift promotion, lucky draw promotion and so on. Most of the consumer like buy goods when have promotion. Coca-Cola can use promotion strategic to defeat their competitors. 5.3 Environmental Impacts In December 1990, Coca-Cola Company announced that they would begin using recycled plastics in their bottles, but they have not followed through. Coca-Cola Company no use the recycle plastic in their bottles cause the plastic waste is increasing ten times faster than recycling of plastic soda bottles and seriously effect health and environment impacts. Coca-Cola Company Should uses the recycle plastic in their bottles to reduce the increasing the plastic waste. Plastic waste can be reducing by recycling the plastic bottle and produce new plastic bottle. If Coca-Cola Company still uses non-recycle plastic in their bottle, the plastic waste will keep increasing and the raw material for producing plastic will decreasing. This will cause lack of material to produce others plastic product. Besides, recycled plastic can reduces all of the associated health and environmental impacts compared to production of non-recycle plastic from raw materials. When Coca-Cola Company use non recycle plastic, extraction of non-renewable resources like oil and gas for the plastics industry occur. Highly energy intensive consumption in manufacturing when production of non-recycle plastic. Furthermore the refining of raw materials and industrial processes used to produce plastics associated materials generate toxic chemicals posing a risk to worker safety and public health. So, Coca-Cola Company should use recycle plastic to solve this problem. 6.0 Conclusion Nowadays, Coca-Cola Company is a very successful beverage company because of their market success factors. The market success factors of Coca-Cola Company are market research, market analysis, selecting target market, SWOT analysis, marketing mix and so on. The Coca-Cola Company faces some market problems such as health effect, competitors and environmental impact. We have suggested Coca-Cola Company solve their health problem by launch sugar free, sugar less, low-calorie and no-calorie product. Coca-Cola Company understands the culture of a country and launches a product that has not launched by others competitors before. Finally, Coca-Cola Company must use recycle plastic in their bottle to solve environmental impact. From the report, we learn the market success factors of Coca-Cola Company and their history. We know about the Coca-Cola Company problems and the ways to solve their problems. Bibliography 1. Coca-Cola. (November 2011) Retrieved October 24, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola 2. Coca-Cola Marketing Plan. (2006) Retrieved November 2, 2011 from http://www.bookrags.com/essay-2003/6/14/53228/5227 3. Coca-Cola’s mission, vision and values. (2010) Retrieved November 2, 2011 from http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/about-us/coca-cola-mission-vision-statement.html 4. Coke’s Broken Promise. (1997) Retrieved November 8, 2011 from http://www.ecomall.com/activism/coke3.htm 5. Fakhar.z 101. Coca-Cola Marketing Strategies (January 2009) Retrieved November 2, 2011 from http://www.scribd.com/doc/10552013/Coca-Cola-Marketing-Strategies 6. Kasi. Marketing Mixx. (March 2011) Retrieved November 2, 2011 from http://marketingmixx.com/marketing-plan-2/165-coca-cola-marketing-plan.html 7. Marketing201. Easy on Coca Cola Marketing (May, 2009) Retrieved November 2, 2011 from http://www.scribd.com/doc/15277105/Essay-on-Coca-Cola-Marketing 8. The Coca-Cola Company. (2011) Retrieved October 24, 2011 from http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/

Dante’s Inferno: Contrapasso

Expect No Mercy What goes around comes around. When sinners reach hell they are forced to experience the counter-suffering of contrapasso. For each sin, Dante gives a specific punishment relating to that sin. Some of these sins include violence towards self, violence towards God, sorcery, and hypocrisy. For the despicable lives they lived on earth, they are doomed to suffer relating consequences for all of eternity. â€Å"No green leaves, but rather black in color, no smooth branches, but twisted and entangled, no fruit, but thorns of poison bloomed instead. (XIII, 4) No longer humans, but trees, they stand in a fruitless wood, being eaten by half-woman, half-bird creatures called Harpies. These sinners have committed Violence against themselves. They destroyed their bodies on earth so they have been denied any resemblance to a body in hell. Harpies are perched on them, eating their leaves as they scream in pain. When leaves or branches are ripped from them, they bleed and feel as t hough limbs are being torn from their bodies.Their wounds heal so as to reoccur, making it so the harpies may eat them eternally. This is not a reasonable form of justice, as once thought in Dante’s time. The Christian church has changed its opinions on suicide since the publishing of Dante’s work. Once not even awarded a Christian burial, people who commit suicide are now considered not in the right state of mind. Since they have suffered in life, they should not be forced to suffer for eternity in death. Despite the undeserving sufferers previously noted, many of the people found in hell deserve to be there.The blasphemers have committed the sin of violence against God. They have either cursed God or offended God directly during their lifetimes. These sinners lay on their backs in burning sand staring up at the skies as fiery flakes rain down on them. They committed sins against God, therefore they shall spend eternity staring up at him and accepting his wrath. Viole nce is horrid and the punishments in hell show how it can come back to you in death. But even deeper into hell the sins get worse, as do the punishments. There are things that people are not supposed to see during their lives on earth.The future is one of these things. The first sinners found in the eighth circle of hell attempted to see the future using forbidden means such as black magic. The punishment that these fortune tellers are forced to endure is they walk around forever with their heads twisted facing backwards, only able to look behind them. Their eyes are filled with tears so anything that they could see is completely blurred. â€Å"You see how he has made his back his chest: because he wished to see too far ahead, he sees behind and walks a backward track. (XX, 37) These punishments are perfectly fitting to the sins they have committed. These so-called sorcerers spent their lives in the twisted world of magic, so it is only fitting that they are twisted themselves in h ell. This is the torture that awaits them in hell, and they’ve earned every bit of it. Deeper into hell there are sinners who twisted the truth, this is where the hypocrites are found. They deceived people during their lives by pretending to have beliefs or virtues that appealed to others.Now they slowly trod around wearing cloaks that look beautiful on the outside, but on the inside they are lined with heavy lead, that weighs the sinners down. â€Å"’The orange-gilded cloaks are thick with lead so heavy that it makes us, who are the scales it hangs on, creak as we walk. ’† (XXIII, 100) Since they hid their true selves in life they must walk forever, hiding the weight of their deceit which they must carry for all of eternity. If they stop walking, the lead gets hotter and hotter until they start moving again.Being eaten for all of eternity, staring into the skies as fiery flakes rain down, heads twisted on backwards and hidden weight that must be carried forever are some of the punishments in hell that await sinners. These specific punishments relate or contrast to the sins of those who suffer them. Contrapasso is the passing of just punishment for sins, and punishments that relate to the sins are the most fitting. For the damage they have done on earth, these offenders are fated to suffer the abuse they have earned themselves in hell.

The effects of the titanic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The effects of the titanic - Essay Example The Titanic had enough lifeboats for first and second class passengers, but not for steerage. So the poor passengers almost all drowned, while the rich passengers mostly survived. Titanic carried 20 lifeboats, enough for 1178 people. The existing Board of Trade required a passenger ship to provide lifeboat capacity for 1060 people. Titanic's lifeboats were situated on the top deck. The boat was designed to carry 32 lifeboats but this number was reduced to 20 because it was felt that the deck would be too cluttered and thus pose an inconvenience to the first class passengers whom enjoyed strolling the deck. On a luxury ship, lifeboats for everyone would mean less room for games and sports on the upper decks. Passengers would have had to give up play areas for lifeboats (Lord, Lives On 85). White Star line tragically sacrificed safety for luxury. The question remains whether or not first and second class passengers received preference on the lifeboats. The White Star line claims there was no distinction between the three classes of passengers, however, only 25 percent of third class passengers were saved compared to 53 percent of first and second class passengers. The White Star line explained that third class passengers were more reluctant to leave the ship and they did not want to part from their belongings.

Globalization and the Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization and the Government - Essay Example Hence, it can be stated that globalization has weakened governance and dominance of government and has also restricted its role for the betterment of the society. The essay highlights the supporting ideas for the argument â€Å"globalization has reduced the ability of the government to govern† (Weiss, 2000).   International Monetary Fund (IMF) has stressed on the growing interdependence of economy worldwide on the increasing volume of cross-border transactions of goods or services and widespread transmission of technology. Dr. Ismail Shariff has defined globalization as a global process for homogenizing products, prices, wages, profits and interest rates. It depends on three main global forces of development such as the role of human migration, rapid movement of capital and international trade and lastly integration of financial markets (Poggi, 1978).   Globalization has been confounded by political and technical instruments such as policies of trade, information technology, and financial liberalization. Thus, these instruments are defined as the main drivers of globalization. However, there is a distinguishing feature of globalization, which has been identified by IMF and the World Bank. The feature refers to the wide scope of revenue for the economy that is engaged in cross-border transaction. These two institutions have given its decision in the economic affairs and have limited government intervention into globalization. Free trade and growing mobility of capital to promote the supranational decision making of the companies have reduced the power of the governments globally.   These factors have undoubtedly developed greater economic and social inequalities as globalization brought new realities to the market through its laissez-faire approach (Held, 1991).

Waste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Waste - Essay Example There are several disposal methods that are available to humans and this paper will discuss the following; ocean dumping, incineration, sanitary landfill, recycling and open dumping. These factors both have their advantages and disadvantages. Ocean dumping kills plankton and overburdens oceans, however, it is not expensive and when harmless products are disposed, they can serve as a food source. This method maybe made more effective by restricting the material disposed in oceans as some of it harms the fish or other habitants in the ocean. Sanitary landfill involves the disposal of waste materials into an open hole; this hole is closed after the waste has been disposed. This is advantageous in the sense that the land filled can be used for other community purposes. Lining these landfills with plastic, clay and sand reduces the chances of the waste being redistributed by the wind or animals. The government should implement policies that equip citizens with knowledge on methods to manage their own waste as the economy can benefit from these policies. Fuel sources are declining and the ecosystem has been recognized as a potential replacement. Hence, preserving the ecosystem can have economic benefits for the country. Recycling also reduces the costs from extracting raw materials to create a certain product. This shows that each party can benefit from waste

Impacts of internet on Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impacts of internet on Culture - Essay Example This is affirmed by Stroud (1998, p.1) who claims that the internet has revolutionized communication bridging the gap in global network and transforming the whole world into a tiny global village where information and ideas can be shared or transmitted simply by a click. This paper will focus on the potential impacts of internet on cultures and more specifically, on how internet has affected cultural identities since its inception up to date. Both the merits and demerits of the internet as a revolutionary phenomenon in the 21st century will be addressed in an evaluative fashion in order to give a clear explanation as to why the internet has affected cultures. The internet dates back in history many years ago at about 1969 when the World Wide Web was discovered (originally, the internet was developed from ARPNET); however, according Shield (2009, pp.5-6) the World Wide Web finally took shape in the 1990s and Internet Explorer was first released in the year 1995. The internet has becom e the norm of interactions and communications in today’s world; virtually everything can be done via the internet today, playing a key role in making the virtual world a reality. For instance, many people use the internet to check their emails, for social networking, doing online shopping among other things. The pervasive popularity of the internet in the global village has had profound impacts on cultures all over the world, both positive and negative. Nevertheless, the most obvious manner in which the internet has affected cultures is by revolutionizing communication; the internet provides a robust platform for information sharing and transfer that has totally enhanced connectivity and interaction between cultures of the world. Today, different cultures around the world can share and exchange ideas and information over the internet without the need of having to travel; thus, as stated by Voiskounsky (1998, p.100) connectivity and interactions, different cultures are integra ted as individuals borrow ideas from other cultures. Moreover, the internet is also a wealthy source of information about different cultures of the world and this information is easily accessible to internet users all over the world. For instance, the pervasive Hollywood lifestyles of the west have a global presence on the internet and remote cultures are always willing and ready to copy aspects of these cultures such as fashion and other trends. Moreover, the internet has also affected cultures by revolutionizing the manner in which business is conducted in the 21st century; nowadays, it is hardly possible to keep up with the mushrooming online activities. Online trading has suddenly become the norm in the business world and many cultures have already embraced the idea of online shopping and in this case the traditional retail store shopping is slowly being discarded in favor of the alluring convenience and efficacy of online shopping. The online shopping experience is usually cust omized to suit consumer specifications and cultural contexts around the world, besides that, it allows consumers to shop at their own convenience and to enjoy the best products and prices ever. As a result, many cultures are quickly adopting online trading platforms over the internet; since as stated by Yilmaz (2012, 226) the internet offers a platform for global shopping and product marketing. In addition, the internet has also transformed the entertainment culture all over the world; unlike in the past when TV and radio were predominantly the sources of entertainment in households, Emigh (2010) states that the internet

Making references to at least two of the operas that we have studied, Essay

Making references to at least two of the operas that we have studied, write on the main features of opera as an art form - Essay Example The ma8in features of opera as an art form are historicism and social reflections, a strong impact on feelings and sensation and authentic nature. Opera is a form of art reflecting historical or social events, criticism and observation of the epoch. For instance, Prelude and Liebestod from "Tristan and Isolda" by wagner show that opera becomes a matter for critical attention in the light of this nostalgia for power it can give its listeners (especially this most famous listener), a nostalgia that works even now as a high-class aestheticist cult and longing for and pursuit of a pure experience. Opera is a phenomenon whose time has come, even if the form is practically speaking dead in terms of new writing and performance of the new. "But within a society which was a structural unity the knowledge of certain types of material could always be relied on, so that the author of a music-drama was always in the closest contact with his audience" (Wellesz and Kean 89). Prelude and Liebestod break up the order of the singing contest by praising sensuality and emotions. These forces, heard in the orchestra, are those of the prelude, whos e music momentarily reappears (Zuckermann 32). Similar to other forms of art, opera has a strong impact on feelings and sensation of the listeners. ... What is more, the emotional listener "fiercely resists all attempts to make him listen structurally -- more fiercely, perhaps, than the culture consumer who for culture's sake might put up even with that." ().In short, emotional listeners display a troubling anti-intellectualism and use music predominantly as an excuse for extramusical emoting. These are people who vigorously reject the romanticized excess of emotional listening. But rather than attempting to move beyond it, into the kind of critical awareness engendered by authentically modern music, they naively retreat to the music of periods which they believe (wrongly) to be safe havens from the forces of reification and the predominantly commodity character of music. Purity and simplicity are highly desirable attributes of music destined for paidela, lest its effects become diluted, mistaken, or confused. Instruments capable of panharmonic playing were therefore particularly troublesome. For instance, in Mozart's Overture from "Don Giovanni" the unique feature is extraordinary expression of desire and emotions in music. What emerges from Prelude and Liebestod from "Tristan and Isolda" is a "sense of Wagner as a way station, revolutionary in the sacralization of art and pursuit of synaesthesia, but still too confined to produce a completely 'pure' experience" (Zuckermann 37). It was not merely a matter of draining off specificity to achieve heightened mystery and a reformulation of the Subject, but also of problematizing the relationship between word and tone (Zuckermann 39). Following Wellesz and Kean (1950) 'the very complicated laws' that govern musical discourse; these lead to two independent spheres that, fused though they may appear to be,

Cultural Studies 3rd year Film Genres Class. There is choice among Essay

Cultural Studies 3rd year Film Genres Class. There is choice among topics - Essay Example Both characters are on a mission to solve the mysteries surrounding them. The genre of the movie Salt is a thriller action; the genre is well expressed by the events that happen in the movie. Throughout the movie, there is a lot of suspense and it becomes very difficult to predict what will happen in the next scene. A generic convention is a language the users use to respond to particular recurring similar situations (Devitt 14). In the Salt movie, some similar situations recur, like the mission of the main character to accomplish the Orlov’s mission of killing both the president of the United States and that of Russia. The main mission of Salt is to destroy the United States as planned by Orlov. The use of generic convention emphasizes the main role of the character in the film. It keeps the individual on track and makes sure that the individual can construct something from the recurring events. The movie is popular among its audience; the audience in this case is the lovers of thriller movies or the individuals who adore female actors as the main characters. The genre of the other movie, Resident Evil: Afterlife is a science fiction action movie. The genre of the movie is challenged by some scenes of horror films. There is a mixture of science fiction and horror characteristics. Although science fiction is the dominant theme, it is blurred by horror scenes and makes it look less science fictional. The aspect of mutations keeps on recurring throughout the movie; they are drawn from the previous films on Resident Evil written by Anderson. It is imperative to note that since the film is an integration of the other parts of Resident Evil movie, it may prove quite difficult for a new watcher to comprehend what is happening. The film is a success and it meets quite a number of audiences; the movie incorporates the audience who love science fiction, those who love horror movies and those who adore female

Systems and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Systems and Operations Management - Essay Example The company has had steady and consistent growth over years with growing and expanding customer base to Perth, Sydney and Canberra. It is aligned to the path of progress, increasing market share and sustainability of the business. The company has come of age through trial and error, occasionally faced by challenges ranging from changing business practices and customer desires. The growth has been informed by good business acumen of the founder, Lachlan Atokowa. The vision was in wealth accumulation and running a professional enterprise. The company has been able to command a good market by leveraging on the market potential and customer friendly prices and products. The company capitalizes on good business thriftiness and radical process change to ensure customer requirements are met. The company is currently in the process of reviewing its growth potential and increasing customer satisfaction by addressing their needs effectively. In doing so, the company will inspect the ingredient s of production like the inputs, process and outputs. Customer satisfaction will be attained by the company through meeting their requirements. The company will conduct verification, audit and inspection of its processes by undertaking data collection which will involve getting the responses of the customers about the products, customer handling and the effectiveness of the delivery process. This study will advise on what best to the process can be done in order increase process efficiency and effectiveness which will consequently increase the market share, increase dividends to shareholders and improve on customer satisfaction. The results will be tremendous as company long term survival, assured employment, greater market share and sustainability. The recommendations made regarding the change of process will ultimately change the effectiveness of operations and efficiency of the product life cycle. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS AND OPERATIONS 6 i) Prod uct design and conceptualization 6 Fig. 1: Illustration of Atokowa product cycle 7 2.2 Listing objectives, likely risks and key controls areas in the process 8 2.3 Risks identified with Atokowa process and operations 8 Table 1: Risks identified with Atokowa process and operations 8 2.4 Atokowa process control 9 2.4.1 Process control tools 9 2.4.2Process Profile Work Sheet 10 Table 1: Atokowa process profile worksheet 10 2.4.3 Atokowa process analysis 11 2.5 Decision Hierarchy Models 11 2.5.1 Processes requiring improvement 12 Fig. 2: Atokowa process improvement tree 12 2.5.2 Atokowa process prioritization 13 Table 2: Atokowa process prioritization 13 2.5.3 Problem Identification 14 Figure 3: Atokowa decision process development 17 3.0 Conclusion 17 4.0 Recommendations 17 References 22 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Atokowa product system life cycle 7 Fig. 2: Atokowa process improvement tree 12 Figure 3: Atokowa decision process development 17 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Risks identified with A tokowa process and operations 8 Table 1: Atokowa process profile worksheet 10 Table 2: Atokowa process prioritization 13 1. INTRODUCTION Atokowa Company has a commitment to review its production processes as a means to exploit new business opportunities and market advantage. It is engaged in carrying out an effective analysis of a business process that should take into consideration the business’

Disapprobation of Pornography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disapprobation of Pornography - Essay Example The stigma on pornography basically lies on the negative effect it may leave on the viewer. Indeed, one of my main concerns when it comes to porn is how sexual predators could use it to their advantage. â€Å"In 1970 the U.S. Commission on Obscenity and Pornography essentially gave nonviolent pornography a "clean bill of health," concluding that such materials did not have any demonstrated effects of a damaging personal or social nature.† (Check, 159) However, as pornography became more and more acceptable to society, the level of violence and brutality have increased. Disturbing issues have also arisen such as women’s degradation, gender/racial stereotypes, and juvenile pornography, The violence and bondage scenes in some porn movies, for instance, could send a wrong message or be perceived incorrectly. We must remember that while there is no established definitive causal link between pornography and crime like rape, one study pointed out that "if a person has relatively aggressive sexual inclinations resulting from various personal and/or cultural factors, some pornography exposure may activate and reinforce associated coercive tendencies and behaviors." (Malamuth, Addison, & Koss, 2000, p. 81) Another alarming aspect of pornography is the use of young children in pornographic materials. It scares me to think of the young lives in dysfunctional homes; how are they are taken advantage of, and how they can turn to porn for money or even attention. While there are laws in the US that impose harsh penalties on offenders in this area, the advent of technology and the internet almost render them inutile. A pimp making juvenile pornographic materials can be safely tuc ked in a country with no anti-pornographic laws and yet could make his wares available online to anybody around the world.

Business Models and Systems Essay Example for Free

Business Models and Systems Essay The business that I am choosing to write about is a small convenience store located across the street from my children’s school. It is owned and operated by a very pleasant Indian couple. It is located in a remote area where there are very few businesses in close proximity. This store offers a variety of products and prepared foods. The three main components of the business system that comprises this particular business are as follows: Business as Commerce – They give money in exchange for the products they need to fill their store. In this case, the owners will look for sales at other stores, and then purchase them to sell in their store. They are making a profit from their trade because it is increasing their utility. Business as an Occupation – In order for them to increase their profit they would need to specialize in food service and preparation, customer service, and modern technologies. In other words, they had to learn how to make and present the foods that they offer, they had to learn how to communicate appropriately with their customers, and learn how to gain access to and operate new machines to make a greater profit. Business as an Organization – For the time being, this particular business is owned and operated by just two people. If sometime in the future they would decide to combine their talents and resources with other people, they will be able to pursue new opportunities and reduce transaction costs and increase their profitability.

Accuracy of Home Glucose Monitoring Devices

Accuracy of Home Glucose Monitoring Devices The Accuracy of Home Glucose Monitoring Devices during Hypo and Hyperglycaemia Self – monitoring of blood glucose at home is useful for the management of diabetes as it helps to monitor symptoms of hyper and hypoglycaemia (Diabetes UK). Testing of blood glucose also helps patients to adjust dosages of medication such as insulin and sulphonylureas, monitor the effects of exercise on blood glucose levels, and plan meals (Diabetes UK and Nipro Diagnostics, 2011). The FDA (US- Food and Drug Administration) (2014) refers to a trial in 1993 for control and complications of diabetes which stated â€Å"that good glucose control using home monitors led to fewer disease complications†. For these reasons blood glucose meters that aid self- monitoring most be accurate. Nipro Diagnostics (2011) in the â€Å"Accuracy Study of Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems† states that the â€Å"use of blood glucose meters and test strips are effective in controlling blood glucose values†. There are currently different brands of meters on the market ranging from expensive to less expensive. The accuracy of meters has been questioned by patients and consumer blog groups such as the† American Association of Retired Persons† and therefore the FDA and MHRA (UK-Medicines Healthcare Products and Regulatory Agency) monitor medical devices to ensure they work safely and provide accurate results. At a worldwide level the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) provide standards and regulations which manufactures must meet when producing self-monitoring glucose meters. All brands of glucose meters are subject to the ISO standards (Nipro Diagnostics, 2011) Incorrect blood glucose readings may occur with blood glucose meters due to software issues but may also occur due to operator errors, effects of oxidized uric acid and abnormal haematocrit levels (ADDE, 2013, Bode, 2007, and FDA, 2014). Inaccuracies due to operator error or short cuts, maybe due to poor technique, use of expired test strips, the use of un – calibrated meters, or meters calibrated with expired control solutions, unwashed hands before testing, applying too much or too little blood to the test strip, testing from sites damp with alcohol and from meters and testing strips not stored and handled according to manufacturer’s instructions (ADDE, 2013 Bode, 2007, and FDA, 2014). Oxidised uric acid may lead to falsely low glucose levels by the home glucose meter (Bode, 2007). Dehydration causes haematocrit levels to be elevated resulting in low glucose reading, whereas, high levels caused by anemia, for example, cause low levels of haematocrit resulting in high glucose readings (Bode, 2007). In 2013 the ISO updated the ISO 15197:2003 standards for the â€Å"self – testing glucose monitoring Systems† (ISO 15197:2013). The improved standards will enhance even greater accuracy for glucose meters for patient use (ISO, 2013). In 2013 a meeting of the Diabetes Technology Society researchers, presented evidence from studies done in the USA and Germany concerning accuracy of blood glucose meters using the ISO 15197:2003 standards (ADDE, 2013). The evidence presented showed that many meters did not meet the ISO standard that requires 95% of results to be within range of +/- 20% of the true value (ADDE, 2013). The new international standards ISO 15197:2013 require meters have increased accuracy especially with glucose reading over 4.2mmol/l, and 99% of all results to be within  ±15% of true value (ISO, 2013). The FDA (2010) report as cited on Diabetesnet.com says that a potential inaccuracy with glucose meters between 1992 to 2009 were associated with 100 deaths and 12,672 injuries from 2004 to 2008. American Diabetes Association reported that up to 50% of home glucose meters did not meet the  ±20% of the true values (Alto et al, 2002). The MHRA in April 2013 issued a Medical Device Alert (MDA/2013/022) about â€Å"Home Use Blood Glucose Meters†. These meters were recalled due to a software fault. At very high glucose concentration patients were given a â€Å"falsely low reading with One Touch Verio Pro and no results were recorded with One Touch Verio IQ†. A recent alert (MDA/2014/009) was issued from the MHRA March 2014 about â€Å"FreeStyle Mini ® and FreeStyle ® blood glucose meters†. The meters were recalled because they may be â€Å"reporting incorrect low blood glucose reading† (MHRA). Alto et al (2002) in a study of 111 patients using 21 different brands of meters found that 84% were within the  ±20% of the true value even though patients took short cuts. The study highlighted that patients were not always calibrating meters due to the price of strips and the use of expired control solutions (Alto et al, 2002). Overall, the blood glucose values obtained in this study were clinically useful (Alto et al, 2002). On the other hand, another study â€Å"The accuracy of home glucose meters in hypoglycemia† concluded that some meters were inaccurate in reporting hypoglycaemia (Aydoqdu et al, 2010). There is evidence that home glucose meters are associated with inaccuracies. These inaccuracies maybe due to software problems associated with the meters or due to the operator. The operator plays a very important role in the accuracy of home glucose monitoring. The operator should follow the manufacturer advice about use, technique, storage and calibration of meters to achieve optimum results. Diabetes UK (2014) and the FDA (2014) encourage patients to check accuracy of home glucose meters by comparing to results of blood processed in a laboratory (Collazo – Clavell, 2012). ISO has tightened requirements in 2013 for home glucose meters to ensure higher accuracy for all new meters. References Diabetes UK (2014)– â€Å"Blood Glucose Meter Guide† [Online]. Available at: http://www.diabetes.org.uk/ (Accessed 23 March 2014) FDA (2014) US Food and Drug Administration, ‘Medical Devices’, Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices’. [Online]. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ (Accessed 23 March 2014) Nipro Diagnostics (2011) â€Å"Accuracy Study of Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems† http://www.niprodiagnostics.com/ (Accessed 23 March 2014) Bode, B.W, (2007) â€Å"The Accuracy and Interferences in Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose†, Blood Glucose monitoring, US Endocrine Disease, pp. 46 -48. [Online]. Available at: http://www.touchendocrinology.com/ (Accessed 30 March 2014) MHRA (2013) ‘Medical Devices Alert’ Home use blood glucose meters: Lifescan OneTouch Verio Pro; Lifescan OneTouch Verio IQ (MDA/2013/022 [online]. Available at: http://www.mhra.gov.uk/ (Accessed 23 March 2014) MHRA(2014) ‘Medical Device Alert’ FreeStyle Mini ® and FreeStyle ® blood glucose monitoring systems manufactured by Abbott Diabetes Care (MDA/2014/009)[Online].Available at: http://www.mhra.gov.uk/ (Accessed 24 March 2014) ISO (2013) â€Å"More accurate self-testing results for diabetes patients with new ISO standard† [Online]. Available at: http://www.iso.org/ (Accessed 23 March 2014) AADE (2013) ‘American Association of Diabetes Educators’ Practice Advisory Blood Glucose Meter Accuracy [Online. Available at: http://www.diabeteseducator.org/ (Accessed 24 March 2014) Alto, W.A., Bryson, P, Kindig, J, Meyer, D, and Schneid. J (2002) ‘Assuring the Accuracy of Home Glucose Monitoring’, Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 15(1). [Online]. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/ (Accessed 30 March 2014) Aydoqdu, A, Erbil, M.K, Kilic, S, Kutlin, M, Serdar, M, Sonmez, A, Tapan, S, Taslipinar, A, Uckaya, S, Yazici, M, Yilmaz, M.I, and Yilmaz, Z (2010) ‘The accuracy of home glucose meters in hypoglycemia’ Diabetes Technol Ther 12(8), pp. 619-26. PubMed. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (Accessed 30 March 2014) Collazo – Clavell, M (2012) ‘Diseases and Conditions’, Sometimes my blood glucose monitor seems to give incorrect readings. What can I do to make sure the measurement is accurate? Mayo Clinic [Online]. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/ (Accessed 30 March 2014)

Communication Competency Self-Assessment

Communication Competency Self-Assessment PART 1: Communication Competence Analysis Pick two to three competencies from the listing for which you feel you are currently strong, and describe why you feel that way. Pick two to three competencies from the listing for which you feel you currently need improvement, and describe why you feel that way. Each section should be written with at least three paragraphs (with a minimum of three to four sentences each) of commentary, which is in addition to any quoting from the listing you may choose to do.It may be helpful to explain your thought process and provide examples to give explanation to your descriptions of why you feel that way.This is not a formal paper, but college-level spelling, grammar, and syntax are expected. S = strength NI = needs improvement _S_ 1. I’m sensitive to contexts of communication. I recognize that changes in physical, cultural, social– psychological, and temporal contexts will alter meaning. _S_ 2. I assess my channel options and evaluate whether my message will be more effective if delivered face-to-face, through e-mail, or by some third party, for example. _S_ 3. I look for meaning not only in words but also in nonverbal behaviors. _NI_ 4. I am sensitive to the feedback and feed forward that I give to others and that others give to me. _NI_ 5. I combat the effects of the various types of physical, psychological, and semantic noise that distort messages. _S_ 6. I listen not only to the more obvious content messages but also to the relational messages that I (and others) send, and I respond to the relational messages of others to increase meaningful interaction. _S_ 7. Instead of looking only at the punctuation patterns, I also look at the patterns that others might be using in order to understand better the meanings communicated. _S_ 8. Because communication is transactional, I recognize that all elements influence every other element in the communication process and that each person communicating is simultaneously a speaker/listener. _NI_ 9. Because communication is purposeful, I look carefully at both the speaker’s and the listener’s purposes. _NI_ 10. Because communication is inevitable, irreversible, and unrepeatable, I look carefully for hidden meanings, am cautious in communicating messages that I may later wish to withdraw, and am aware that any communication act occurs but once. _S_ 11. I am sensitive to cultural variation and differences, and I see my own culture’s teachings and those of other cultures without undue bias. My Competency Strengths _S_ 2. I assess my channel options and evaluate whether my message will be more effective if delivered face-to-face, through e-mail, or by some third party, for example. Number two is definitely one of my better strengths out of the competencies listed. Recognizing the different methods of communication is definitely important in how a message can be relayed. Before I want to send a message across, I always think about how it may be portrayed depending on which method is used and which will be most effective. There was a time when I thought about sending a text message to a friend about a certain topic. However, I decided that if I sent the text message, there may be some confusion and may have been taken completely out of context. In the end, my friend and I discussed it in person and he was very grateful we did and that I decided against the text message. I think text messaging can be so emotionless. Although I am not perfect, as no one is, I think I have a pretty good understanding about the differences in which a method of communication can make. I think all it takes is a matter of stopping for a second and thinking about how the words someone is reading over an e-mail or text message may differ as opposed to just going to talk to them about it. Granted, sometimes an e-mail is a completely efficient way to send out a simply message to a large amount of people. _S_ 11. I am sensitive to cultural variation and differences, and I see my own culture’s teachings and those of other cultures without undue bias. Number eleven is another one of my strengths from these competencies. Over the years of working in a hospital, I have learned to understand that there are so many different cultures out there and it’s only fair that we do not think of as our own to be the â€Å"best† or the â€Å"right† one. This is something that I have never had a problem understanding; I was raised to be respectful of other cultures whether or not I may agree with their beliefs. As I have mentioned, working in a hospital has exposed me to many types of different cultures. There have been a few instances where our patient was a Jehovah’s Witness; in which did not accept blood in the event they needed it. This was their belief, and as hard as it is to want to just give them blood in an emergency, their wishes must be respected even though others may not have agreed with the decision. It’s important not to be biased in our own culture. There are so many different types of people in this world, and I think that it’s a great thing. I believe that are a lot of people out there who are very biased of their own culture and don’t understand why people have different beliefs. If we do more to educate others on different cultures, then it’s possible more and more will understand cultures other than their own. My Competencies Needing Improvement _NI_ 5. I combat the effects of the various types of physical, psychological, and semantic noise that distort messages. Number five is one of the communication competencies that I understand but I need to improve on. Sometimes I get easily distracted in fully grasping the messages that are being portrayed. I need to work on trying to ignore other noises that happen between the sending and receiving of messages so I can decode exactly what is being sent to me. There are a lot of distractions with working in the operating room; a lot of things go on at once. On one instance, the patient we had wasn’t doing so well and a lot of activity was going all at the same time; several people were asking me for things all at once. I managed to give everyone what they needed but I remember thinking how overwhelmed I felt and how all of the communication that was being thrown at me was jumbling together because of all the â€Å"noise† that occurred between all of the messages; I have to work more on learning how to separate out the distractions. I look at it as a small challenge to myself to work on ways that will help me learn to cut out so many distractions. I will try to take each message that is being sent to me and focus on it instead of hearing the â€Å"noise† that comes along with it. I think if I become successful at this, I will have a much easier time understanding what is being communicated to me. _NI_ 10. Because communication is inevitable, irreversible, and unrepeatable, I look carefully for hidden meanings, am cautious in communicating messages that I may later wish to withdraw, and am aware that any communication act occurs but once. Number ten is the other communication competency that I feel I need to make improvements on. I understand that communication is unrepeatable, irreversible, and inevitable, but sometimes I don’t think long enough about what I’m going to say and just say it and regret it later. Also, I don’t always see all of the hidden meanings behind some of the things that I say or things others say to me. I think at times I try to convince myself that what I say can be justified and taken away when it usually cannot. I can remember one time I sent an e-mail to someone after a disagreement and because I was so angry while writing the e-mail, I wasn’t thinking about exactly what I was saying and the consequences it was going to have later on. I had sent the e-mail and in the mean time had calmed down and reread the message and couldn’t believe the things I had said and it was too late to take it back; I couldn’t jump into the computer and reverse hitting the send button. The issue was eventually resolved but made me realize that I need to work on thinking more before putting words out there that are irreversible. I think one of the best things I can do in the future to avoid the type of situation I discussed above from happening again is just to step back and look at what I am saying before sending the message. Thinking about the consequences that may occur from saying something the wrong way is a motivator to be more careful. Also, trying to see the hidden meanings behind words before saying them to people I think will avoid any issues as well. PART 2: General Improvement Strategy The one communication competency that I am going to focus on for part two of this assignment is number ten. I understand that all of the competencies that I need to improve on are important but I want to elaborate a bit more on this one and see if I can plan out different ways to improve on it. The Problem: When I am angry or upset about something and want to confront the issue, I do not always fully think about what I’m saying before I say it, therefore living with the consequences of being unable to take back words. The Goal: To think more about what I say before I say it and to really realize how bad the consequences may become. The Plan: There are several things I plan on doing to improve on my problem. I will first think harder about what I am going to say before saying it. I will also step back and take a deep breath before writing out or saying harsh words. I will think about how my words may have hidden meanings to someone else. I will then use what I have learned in the past from the consequences of speaking/writing things I do not truly mean to avoid the same in the future. Test of Measurability: I will know that I have improved on my plan once I am in a situation where I may be upset about something and go to approach the person or an e-mail to someone and I use a better selection of words. I know my plan is going well when I wait to press the send button and reread what I have written to look for things that may mean more to the person that I realize. I will have achieved my goal when I see more positive outcomes and communication with the person I am having issues with. The list of competencies in part one of this assignment, with the exception of my insertions of â€Å"S† and â€Å"NI† are taken from: DeVito, J. (2013). Essentials of Human Communication [VitalSouce bookshelf version].  Retrieved from http://devry.vitalsource.com/books/9781269649261/id/pg23

Extinction On Dinosaurs :: essays research papers

Theories of the Extinctions of the Dionsaurs: Dinosaurs became extincted 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period, something so devastating that it altered the course of life on earth. It seems like it happened so sudden, as geologic time goes, that almost all the dinosaurs living on earth disappeared. So how did these dominant creatures just die off? Was it a slow extinction, or did it happen all of the sudden? These questions bring rise to many different beliefs on how the dinosaur disappeared over 65 million years ago. Extinction is when the birth rate fails to keep up with the death rate, it is called extinction. But, the definition does not answer the question about the nature or causes of extinction. Paleontologists generally divide extinctions into two types, for that of different causes arose. The first is called background extinctions, isolated extinctions of species due to a variety of causes. Included is out competition, depletion of resources in a habitat, changes in climate, the development or destruction of a mountain range, river channel migration, the eruption of a volcano, the drying of a lake, or the destruction of a forest, grassland, or wetland habitat. The second type of extinction is called mass extinctions. Large numbers of species go extinct; many types of species go extinct; the effects must be global, and the effects must occur in a geologically short period of time.1 The dinosaur could not have lived for ever. No creatures, no plants, no tiny bacteria are forever, not even Homo sapiens. Extinction is the fate of all species. One theory on how the dinosaurs became extinct is that of carbon dioxide, and the greenhouse effect. Volcanoes produced the proposed conditions. A massive volcanic eruption could have saturated the atmosphere with carbon dioxide so that it caused a sharp rise in temperatures worldwide. The excessive carbon dioxide would have permitted solar energy to enter the atmosphere but would have blocked the radiation of most surface heat back out into space, therefore causing the greenhouse effect. Rising temperatures could have killed off or reduced the activity of plankton, disrupting food chains and also messing up the plankton's normal role in converting carbon dioxide to oxygen through photosynthesis. From there it would not have been long for all the dinosaurs to have been suffering, and then to become extinct. My theory of the extinction of the dinosaurs is the theory of the comet

The Attack on Pearl Harbor Essay -- American History WWII World War

The Attack on Pearl Harbor The United States is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the East, the Pacific Ocean to the West and is bordered by two friendly nations, Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. Attacks on United States soil have therefore been rare. The surprise attack by the Japanese in 1941 on the United States at Pearl Harbor resulted in a great loss of life and changed the course of history. Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States was an isolationist country and coming out of the Great Depression. There was a war raging in Europe in 1939 that involved many United States allies. Hitler’s German troops were attacking France, Poland, Great Britain and other European countries. Despite the attacks on these United States allies, citizens in the United States wanted to remain neutral. Meanwhile, in the Pacific, Japan had invaded China and Indochina and was making preparations for broader war. As late as December 1941, Americans thought that the United States Government should stay out of World War II and not interfere with European and Asian affairs (Gailey 29). On the morning of December 7, 1941 Japan launched a surprise attack against the United States and its Pacific Fleet based in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii--â€Å"A day which will live in infamy†. The United States immediately entered the war and changed the course of the 20th century. Pearl Harbor is a land-locked harbor on the Southern coast of the Oahu Island in Hawaii. It is West of Honolulu. Pearl Harbor is one of the largest and best natural harbors in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Close by are many United States military installations. They include the Chief US Pacific Naval Base, Hickam Airforce Base, Pearl Harbor Naval Air Station ... ...ry for Americans during World War II (Pearl Harbor, 1986). It made Americans even more determined to go kill the enemy. Works Cited Bahrenburg, Bruce. The Pacific Then and Now. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1971. â€Å"A Brief Overview of the Attack.† Pearl Harbor Remembered. 7 July 2001. 15 October 2001 . Gailey, Harry A. The War in the Pacific. Novato: Presidio Press, 1995. Layton, Edwin T., Roger Pineau, and John Costello. And I Was There. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1985. â€Å"Pearl Harbor.† Encyclopedia.com. 2001. 15 October 2001 . â€Å"Pearl Harbor.† The Golden Book Encyclopedia. 1986 ed. Renzi, William A., and Mark D. Roehrs. Never Look Back. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991. Weintraub, Stanley. Long Day’s Journey into War. New York: Penguin Group, 1991. â€Å"World War II.† Encarta.com. 2001. 15 October 2001 .